Abstract: Yuenongsimiao is a conventional high-quality rice variety with excellent comprehensive characters of highyielding, disease resistance and good-quality. It has high and stable yield, excellent rice quality, high resistance to rice blast and medium resistance to bacterial blight, and extensive adaptability. Since it was approved by Guangdong Province in 2011, Yuenongsimiao has been approved and introduced in Hainan, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui and Henan Provinces. It is widely used in grain production as both early and late high-quality rice, single cropping medium rice, ratooning rice, direct seeding rice and shrimp-rice. The studies on the characteristics show that Yuenongsimiao has high harvest index, strong lodging resistance, good late ripening color and high seed setting rate, broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast, and was a new generation of high harvest index variety. Yuenongsimiao(i.e. restorer line R1212)is also as an excellent breeding parent, with which 37 new rice varieties have been bred and passed national and provincial approval or authorization, including 10 conventional rice varieties and 27 hybrid rice varieties. All of these varieties show high quality, high and stable yield and good adaptability, reflecting the "core" role of Yuenongsimiao as a high-quality parent. Yuenongsimiao has been widely applied to the basic theoretical researches of cultivation, physiology and so on. Yuenongsimiao has become the leading variety of high-quality rice in Guangzhou since 2012, and is selected as the leading variety of agriculture in Guangdong Province for nine consecutive years from 2013 to 2021, which has extremely important production value in South China and the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River.