广东咖啡炭疽病病原菌初步鉴定及防治药剂筛选

徐丹丹; 石力允; 张羽; 林泽勉; 姜子德; 乔方

doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.02.013

广东咖啡炭疽病病原菌初步鉴定及防治药剂筛选

Pathogen Identification of Anthracnose Disease on Coffea arabica in Guangdong Province and Screening of Fungicides

摘要

摘要:
目的明确引起广东咖啡炭疽病的病原菌种类并筛选防治药剂。
方法采用组织分离法对采集到的疑似炭疽钵啡叶片进行分离，单孢纯化后利用柯赫氏法则验证其致病性，结合菌株的形态学特征和多基因序列（ITS、TUB2、GAPDH、CHS、ACT和GS）的系统发育分析对病原菌进行鉴定；利用菌丝生长速率法测定4种常用杀菌剂对病原菌的抑制效果。
结果分离得到的菌株为果生炭疽菌Colletotrichum fructicola、暹罗炭疽菌C. siamense和芭蕉生炭疽菌C. musicola，致病性测定结果显示其均能侵染叶片。咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯和甲基硫菌灵3种杀菌剂对两株强致病性炭疽产（果生炭疽菌C. fructicola CA-13和暹罗炭疽菌C. siamense CA-16）的抑制效果最强，其EC₅₀值均小于0.1 mg/L。
结论广东咖啡炭疽病的优势病原菌为果生炭疽菌C. fructicola和暹罗炭疽菌C. siamense，咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯和甲基硫菌灵可作为防治咖啡炭疽病的首选药剂。

Abstract:
Objective The study was conducted to clarify the pathogen causing anthracnose disease of Coffea arabica in Guagdong Province, and to screen out control fungicides.
Method Tissue isolation method was used to isolate and purify the pathogen, and pathogenicity test was conducted by using Koch's postulates. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics and analysis of phylogenetic sequences(ITS, TUB2, GAPDH, CHS, ACT and GS). Moreover, the inhibitory effects of four common fungicides on the pathogen were measured according to mycelial growth.
Result The obtained strains were identified as Colletotrichum fructicola, C. siamense and C. musicola. The results of pathogenicity assay indicated that all the selected isolates could infect leaves. In vitro test on two highly pathogenic strains (C. fructicola CA-13 and C. siamense CA-16)showed that prochloraz, pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl strongly inhibited mycelium growth and their EC₅₀ values were under 0.1 mg/L.
Conclusion The dominant pathogen causing anthracnose disease on C. arabica leaves were C. fructicola and C. siamense; prochloraz, pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl could be used to control this disease as the first choice.

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