Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass is a kind of environmentally-friendly and renewable resource, generally characterized by wide sources, huge reserves and low cost. Lignocellulose resource is expected to replace mineral oil as the next "blood of industry" with the accelerated development of green circular economy. The efficient utilization of lignocellulose is conducive to weaning the industrial (energy, chemical industry, material etc.) and manufacturing production off over-dependence on oil, and speeding up the conversion of old and new kinetic energy. Different from traditional resources, lignocellulosic biomass is more advanced in biosafety with its natural chemical compositions. At present, with cellulose industries as its main subject, the application of lignocellulose is restricted by separation technique, processing technology and high cost of raw materials, therefore, there is some gap in large-scale industrial application. The use of biotechnology for lignocellulosic utilization is still in the initial stage, most of them are basically based in the lab for further mechanism researches. This article overviews the biologcal pathway, utilization pattern, and main technologies of lignocellulosic biomass exploitation, reviews the research progress of bioconversion in comprehensive utilization, deepprocessing and high value product development of lignocellulose from the perspective of high value-added biological refinery, and discusses the application possibility and high-value application potential of lignocellulose-based chemicals and materials in other fields other than new energy sources such as food, pharmaceuticals and new materials manufacturing, which will provide references for the full-scale development of the lignocellulose.