Abstract: Poultry breeding industry is a fundamental part of the animal industry. The annual poultry production in China accounts for roughly 22% of global poultry production, with nearly 14.6 billion chickens every year. Avian coccidiosis is a parasitic protozoal disease which seriously damages the healthy development of poultry industry, causing massive economic losses in poultry industry each year. Caused by one or several species of Eimeria spp. parasitizing in mucosal epithelial cells of intestines of chickens, such disease causes severe necrosis, haemorrhage of the intestinal mucosa, and even results in death. In the past 70 years, scholars at home and abroad have been committed to the development of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines against avian coccidiosis. The traditional anticoccidials drugs include polyether ionophores and synthetic compounds, and traditional vaccines include nonattenuated and attenuated live vaccines. In recent years, with the rapid development of technology platforms for new drugs and vaccines development, which provided new means and ideas for the preparation of new anticoccidial drugs, such as natural products, and new vaccines against coccidiosis, such as subunit vaccine, DNA vaccine and live vector vaccine. This review briefly described the research situation of the epidemiology, anticoccidial drugs, with an emphasis on the research progress in development of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines against coccidiosis, which could provide references for the comprehensive control of coccidiosis.