Abstract: 【Objective】Combined with the nutrient absorption characteristics of sugarcane, the effects of application of N, P and K chemical fertilizers on sugarcane were studied while soil contained deficient N, above the medium level of P and K.【Method】Four treatments were designed, including treatment with N-P-K fertilizers, treatments without N, P or K fertilizer, respectively, and a control treatment was conducted with no fertilizer. The growth characters of sugarcane, nutrient contents, quality, yield, and nutrient use efficiency were compared and analyzed.【Result】The control and treatment without N fertilizer significantly reduced the stem length, stem girth, weight of single stem, the number of effective stems, the contents of N, P, and K in leaves and stems and the yield. And treatment without P fertilizer significantly reduced the weight of single stem, the number of effective stems, the content of P in leaves and stems and the yield, while treatment without K fertilizer considerably decreased the stem length, stem girth, and weight of single stem, the number of effective stems,the content of K in leaves and stems, sugarcane-juice brix, and the yield. The highest yield of sugarcane was 150.1 t/hm2, the agronomic efficiency was 117.8 kg plant/kg N, 189.4 kg plant/kg P2O5, 57.5 kg plant/kg K2O that founded in OPT treatment. Meanwhile, the use efficiency of N, P, and K fertilizers were 27.1%, 9.0%, and 35.6%, respectively.【Conclusion】The N, P, and K are important regulating factors for sugarcane growth, nutrient accumulation, yield and quality formation. More attention should be paid to the rational and balanced application of N, P and K fertilizers in medium and low yield fields.