阳春砂(Amomum villosum Lour.)农家种热科 2 性状初报

    Preliminary Report on Characters of Local Amomum villosum Lour. Variety“Reke 2”

    • 摘要: 【目的】阳春砂(Amomum villosum Lour.)是砂仁中的佳品,具有悠久的药用历史。通过系统分析阳春砂农家种热科 2 特征性状,为阳春砂品种识别和生产种植提供依据。【方法】对阳春砂农家种热科 2 植株、花、果实等性状进行跟踪调查研究与对比分析。【结果】热科 2 阳春砂植株高大粗壮,株高 2.84 m,茎粗 13.12 mm;叶片大而厚,叶长 43.52 cm、宽 6.46 cm,外侧叶缘波状不明显、叶面具平行于主脉的突起线,叶舌长椭圆形、棕色、长 0.95 mm;花序“曲线型”,花梗长 9.70 mm,小花数 9.3 朵,唇瓣长 2.24 mm、宽 2.39 mm,中脉黄色而染紫红色、顶端黄色外延、基部紫红色“八”字型痂状斑;果实扁圆形、褐色,内含种子 23.2 粒,千粒质量 14.14 g,种子团挥发油体积分数 3.6%;花期和果实成熟期晚。【结论】明确了热科 2 阳春砂的形态特征性状,可作为砂仁 DUS 测试指南的标准品种,为该品种的精准识别以及阳春砂优异资源保护与选育种奠定基础。

       

      Abstract: 【Objective】Amomum villosum Lour. is a superior product of Chinese medicine “fructus amomi”, with a long application history on clinical. The study was to provide references for the variety identification and production as well as planting through systematical analysis on the characters of local A. villosum variety Reke 2. It is recorded that Yangchun area of Guangdong is genuine producing area of A. villosum. The quality and pharmaceutical effect are affected by the mixed provenance, so it is urgent to strengthen the researches of selecting and improving of high quality resources.【Method】 The plant, flower, fruit and other characters of Reke2 were investigated and compared.【Result】The results showed that the plant of Reke 2 was tall and strong, with the plant height of 2.84 m and stem diameter of 13.12 mm. The leaves were large and thick, with the leaf length of 43.52 cm and leaf width of 6.46 cm. The leaf margin had no obvious fluctuation, with protruding line paralleling to the principal vein. The ligule was long elliptic and brown, with a length of 0.95 cm. The inflorescences showed a “curved type”, with the pedicel length of 9.70 cm, floret number of 9.3 pieces and labellum of 2.24 cm long and 2.39 cm wide. The midrid was yellow and purplish red, with the yellow tip being epitaxial and the purplish red base being eight-shaped scabbed spots. The fruit was oblate and brown, with 23.2 seeds, 1 000-kernel weight of 14.14 g and volatile oil content of 3.6%. The flowering period and fruit maturation period of Reke2 were later than those of other varieties. 【Conclusion】The characters of Reke2 were identified through investigation and analysis. As one of the standard varieties of the DUS testing guidelines, it will lay a foundation for the accurate identification of such variety and selection as well as the protection and selection of superior A. villosum resources.

       

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