避雨栽培对金苹芒芒果产量、品质和采后耐贮性的影响

    Effects of Rain-shelter Cultivation on Yield, Quality andPostharvest Storability of Jinpingmang Mango

    • 摘要: 【目的】金苹芒是由广东省农业科学院果树研究所和潮州市果树研究所等单位联合从实生群体中单株选育而成的芒果新品种。为充分挖掘新品种的应用与推广潜力,对其关键避雨栽培培技术进行研究,以期为避雨栽培技术在我国南方多雨地区广泛应用于芒果生产提供理论依据。【方法】以露地栽培为对照,对金苹芒进行全程避雨栽培,测定并对比分析两种栽培模式对该品种两性花率、座果率、果实产量和品质、保鲜与耐贮性的影响。【结果】避雨栽培模式下,新品种金苹芒的总糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C含量均高于紫花芒,而还原糖、总酸、可滴定酸、粗纤维含量均低于紫花芒。金苹芒的两性花数、挂果数、座果率均显著高于露地栽培,但在露地栽培条件下均比紫花芒低。高接后第2年开始结果,平均每667 m2产量达608 kg,第3年788 kg、第4年1 280 kg,平均每667 m2分别比露地栽培和紫花芒增产348.27 kg和72.67 kg、增收5 224.05元和5 186.7元,表现出更高的产量和经济效益。金苹芒果实总糖含量112 g/kg,还原糖25.8 g/kg,蔗糖85.5 g/kg,总酸4.17 g/kg,可滴定酸4.16 g/kg,可溶性固形物17.9%,维生素C 23.4 g/kg,粗纤维含量0.2%;总糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C含量均高于露地栽培,而还原糖、总酸含量均低于露地栽培;采用外赤内黑的专用双层果袋效果最佳;40%百可得和50%万利得混配成1 000倍液的保鲜效果最佳。【结论】避雨栽培技术在我国南方多雨芒果种植区具有一定的应用和推广价值。

       

      Abstract: 【Objective】Jinpingmang is a new mango variety bred jointly by Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Fruit Tree Research of Chaozhou City from a single plant in a seedling population. In order to fully exploit the application and promotion potential of new varieties, the key techniques of rain shelter cultivation were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the rain shelter cultivation technology to be widely applied to mango production in rainy areas of southern China.【Method】Taking open field cultivation as control (CK), full rain shelter cultivation was conducted on Jinpingmang and the effects of two cultivation modes on the male and female flower rate, fruit setting rate, fruit yield and quality, fresh-keeping and storage resistance of this variety was determined and compared.【Result】Under rain shelter cultivation mode, the contents of total sugar, sucrose, soluble solids and vitamin C of the new variety Jinpingmang mango were higher than those of Zihuamang, while the contents of reducing sugar, total acid, titratable acid and crude fiber were lower than those of Zihuamang. The number of bisexual flowers, fruit quantity and fruit setting rate of Jinpingmang were significantly higher than those in open field cultivation, but under the open field cultivation conditions, they were lower than those of Zihuamang. The average yield per 667 m2 reached 608 kg in the second year after grafting, 788 kg in the third year and 1 280 kg in the fourth year. The Jinpingmang mango began to bear fruit two year after top grafting with a yield of 608 kg per 667 m2 and the yields were 788 kg and 1280 kg, respectively three and four years after top grafting. The average yield per 667 m2 increased by 348.27 kg and 72.67 kg, respectively, compared with that of open field cultivation and Zihuamang, and the income per 667 m2 increased by 5 224.05 yuan and 5 186.7 yuan, respectively, showing higher yield and economic benefits. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose, total acid, titratable acid, soluble solids, vitamin C and crude fibre of Jinpingmang fruit were 112 g/kg, 25.8 g/kg, 85.5 g/kg, 4.17 g/kg, 4.16 g/kg, 17.9%, 23.4 g/kg and 0.2%, respectively. Total sugar, sucrose, soluble solids and vitamin C of Jinpingmang were higher than those in openfield cultivation, while reducing sugar and total acid were lower than those in open-field. The special double-layer fruit bags with red outer and black inner had the best effect. The fresh-keeping effect was best when 40% Baikede and 50% Wanlide were mixed with 1 000 times liquid.【Conclusion】Rain-shelter cultivation technology has certain application and promotion value in mango planting in rainy areas of southern China.

       

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