白玉油甘新品种引种及配套栽培技术研究

    Study on the Introduction of New Variety of Phyllanthus emblica cv. Baiyuand Its Cultivation Techniques

    • 摘要: 【目的】满足广东油甘生产技术需求和提高果农栽培水平。【方法】以白玉油甘新品种为试验对象,在汕尾地区进行高接换种及其优质高效栽培技术研究。【结果】白玉油甘在汕尾地区种植适应性好,平均单果重为 10.36 g,可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量分别为 8.7% 和 1.03%,固酸比为 8.45,总糖为 58.5 mg/g,维生素 C 2.77 mg/g,单宁为 1.18 mg/g,可食率为 92.5%;且可留树保鲜,延迟采收,不影响其品质;配套关键栽培技术中高接换种可实现 3 年生油甘单株产量达 35.2 kg;增施生物有机肥和叶面有机液肥可显著增加油甘果实单果重和维生素 C、总糖含量,降低单宁含量;地膜覆盖除草以及利用杀虫灯、黄板等物理措施诱杀害虫,结合生物农药科学使用的病虫害绿色防控措施,每年可减少化学农药使用次数 5~7 次。【结论】利用此技术可实现每 667 m2 油甘栽培 1 年生树年产 546.0 kg、2 年生树年产 909.0 kg、3 年生树年产 2 112.0 kg,果实单果大、高糖低酸、涩味轻,商品性好,达到早结丰产、绿色优质的栽培目的。

       

      Abstract: 【Objective】The study was conducted to meet the technical requirements of Phyllanthus emblica fruit production and improve the cultivation level of farmers in Guangdong Province.【Method】Taking a new variety of P. emblica Baiyu as the test subject, and it was introduced by high-grafting and its cultivation techniques were studied in Shanwei. 【Result】Baiyu was well adapted to grow in Shanwei, with an average single fruit weight of 10.36 g, soluble solid and titratable acid contents of 8.7% and 1.03%, and TSS-acid ratio of 8.45. The contents of total sugar, vitamin C and tannin were 58.5 mg/g, 2.77 mg/g and 1.18 mg/g, respectively, and the edible rate was 92.5%. The fruits could keep fresh on the tree and the fruit harvesting could be delayed without affecting the quality. With the key cultivation techniques, a three-year-old tree cultivated by high grafted-bud could achieve a yield of 35.2 kg per plant. The increasing application of bio-organic fertilizer and organic liquid fertilizer on leaf surface could significantly increase the single fruit weight, and the contents of vitamin C and total sugar, while decrease the tannin content. The ways of weeding with plastic mulching, controlling diseases and pest with insecticidal lamp, yellow sticky board and other physical measures, and applying biological pesticide scientifically could decrease the usage of chemical pesticide for 5~7 times in a year.【Conclusion】Using these techniques, the yields of P. emblica Baiyu were 546.0 kg (one-year-old tree), 909.0 kg (two-year-old tree) and 2 112.0 kg (three-year-old tree) per 667 m2, and such variety possesses large single fruit, high sugar and low acid, mild astringency and good commodity quality, which meeting the cultivation goal of early harvest and productive yield with green and high quality.

       

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