Abstract: 【Objective】Double-cropping rice area in South China is one of the main rice producing areas in China. It is of great significance to judge the sustainability of current double-cropping rice cultivation mode in South China from the perspective of eco-economy for the healthy and stable development of agriculture. 【Method】The typical double-cropping rice system in Guangdong province was taken as the research object, and its sustainable development ability was quantitatively evaluated by using emergy analysis method. 【Result】The input of environmental resources accounted for 44.16% of the total emergy input of the double-cropping rice system in South China. Among them, the non-auxiliary emergy accounted for 52.40% of the total emergy input, the net emergy yield rate (EYR) was 1.78, the environmental loading rate (ELR) was 1.06, and the emergy sustainability index (ESI) was 4.07. 【Conclusion】The comprehensive evaluation index system of emergy value shows that the current double-season planting mode in South China has less environmental pressure and greater potential for sustainable development, but its net emergy yield rate is low because it relyes too heavily on natural environmental resources and human labor resources. If we can standardize the management of double cropping rice system in South China, properly increase the input of agricultural machinery, and put organic fertilizer into use, the sustainable development ability of rice planting mode in this region will be improved to a certain extent.