Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of the study was to explore the ecological benefits of Sparuslatus and Siganus fuscessens in two 1 000 m2 aquaculture ponds for Penaeus monodon. 【Method】 A test was conducted to compare the change of nutritive salt, content of particulate material, growth performance of phytoplankton, zooplankton and other indexes in P. monodon“Nanhai No.2”- Sparuslatus (Sparuslatus polyculture treatment, XZ pond) polyculture pond and the change of such indexes in P. monodon“Nanhai No.2”- S. fuscessens (S. fuscessens polyculture treatment, XL pond) polyculture pond in 105 days. 【Results】 The results showed that the contents of ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and particulate matter in XZ pond and XL pond were increased during the entire experiment. At the middle and later experiment period, the dissolved nitrogen in the XZ pond was lower than that in the XL pond while the TN content in the XZ pond was higher than that in the XL pond and the difference became more significant in the late experiment period. Meanwhile, the particulate matter content in XZ pond was higher than that in the XL pond, which indicated that the higher TN content in XZ pond was from suspended particulate matters. The ranges of variation of plankton and chlorophyll a content in the two ponds were 6.83-18.65 μg/L and 5.34-16.24 μg/L, respectively, showing no significant difference. 【Conclusion】 The experimental results indicated that the bioturbation of Sparuslatus could boost the transportation of organic matter from the bottom to the upper body of the pond, which was beneficial to reduce the accumulation of NH4 +-N, NO3 --N and other substances, and promote the material circulation in the pond culture system. The survival rate of P. monodon“Nanhai No.2”and fish sampling results indicated that the Sparuslatus and S. fuscessens could be cultured with P. monodon“Nanhai No.2”directly to achieve higher economic benefits. Further study needs to be conducted on the feed filtration capacity of Sparuslatus and S. fuscessens on different phytoplankton with different particle sizes in culture ponds because of the importance of phytoplankton in the water.