Abstract: The research and utilization of the ancient tea germplasm resources were the new topic in the reasearch of the tea germplasm resources in China. In order to identify and evaluate the phenotypic traits diversity index of the 38 ancient tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi，the phenotypic traits diversity index was researched and analyzed with the methods of the correlation analysis，the principal compoent analysis and the clustering analysis in the paper. The results showed that，the diversity and variation of the six main phenotypic traits（leaf size，leaf shape，leaf colour，leaf cross section，leaf upper surface and leaf attitude）of the 38 ancient tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi was abundant，the diversity index among the main phenotypic traits was different，the diversity index was between 0.7934-0.9969，and the average diversity index reaching 0.8811；the 38 ancient tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi could clustered into two large groups at the euclidean distance of ten，they were clustered accordance with the phenotypic traits diversity index，were not in strict accordance with the regional cluster. The variation of the ancient tea germplasm resources in Hanzhong and Ankang of Shaanxi was abundant，possessing the high genetic diversity and breeding potential of the excellent tea germplasm resources to a certain extent.