Abstract: This paper discussed the method for estimating the pollution load of different mariculture types， and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics in typical bay. In the case of Zhelin Bay in Guangdong province， the area of mariculture types were extracted by using the object image analysis and spectral eigenvalue method in Landsat8 remote sensing image. The pollution load of different breeding types was estimated with the coefficient of contamination. And the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus was obtained by using GIS technology in the area of aquaculture. The results showed that the total pollution load of mariculture in Zhelin Bay in 2013 was 13 641.62 t，of which the total nitrogen，phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand were 3 475.65 t，927.95 t and 9 238.02 t，respectively. The main pollution load of cage-culture was the largest，the pond culture was second，and the high pond culture was the smallest. The areas where the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution was most severe in the breeding area were cage-culture area in Zhelin Bay and pond culture area in Huanggang Town. Through typical bay mariculture pollution load evaluation method study，the paper implements the gulf mariculture of non-point source pollution monitoring and estimation，for coastal aquacultural pollution monitoring and regulation to provide scientific basis for production.