Abstract: The assessment of agricultural sustainability is the premise and foundation for the agricultural scientific decision-making，scientific management and communication. Based on the peasant household and Sustainability Assessment of Farming and the Environment Framework（ SAFE） ，this paper constructed the index system of agricultural sustainable evaluation，synthetically used principal components analysis（ PCA），analytic hierarchy process（ AHP） and the multi-criteria decision method（ MCDM） ，calculated the comprehensive index of agricultural sustainability. This paper took 644 peasant households in Changjiang village，Gong’an County， Jianghan Plain，Hubei province as an example，quantitatively studied the agricultural sustainability，and determined the influencing factors of agricultural sustainability of peasant household.