Abstract: In this paper，taking the bare land，wheat land，oat land，rape land and barley land in the southern slope of Qilian Mountains as research object，soil texture composition，organic matter content and pH of different cultivated types were analyzed，to provide scientific basis for sustainable utilization of soil resources and ecological and environmental protection in water conservation areas of Qilian Mountains. The results showed that：all cultivated land types soil gran size composition were mainly composed by silt，the soil texture of bare soil was fine，followed by wheat land，rape land，barley land and potato land，and the soil texture of oat land was coarse than other cultivated land. The soil organic matter of barley land was the highest in all cultivated land，followed by wheat land，rape land， potato land，bare land，and oat land soil organic matter was the lowest. All the cultivated land soils were alkaline，in which the barley and bare land soil alkaline was stronger than that of wheat land，oat land，rape land and potato land. All cultivated land soil texture，organic matter content and pH were significantly influenced by cultivation modes，in the range of 0-50 cm soil layer，the soil particle size of each cultivated land was cluttered，and the soil organic matter content of all cultivated land showed different degree of surface-aggregation properties. The soil pH of all cultivated land increased with the increase of sampling depth except barley land.