Abstract: Chlorophyll fluorescence technology was applied to investigate the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 59 sugarcane germplasm resources，to provide a reference for the high photosynthetic efficiency of sugarcane resources utilization and screening of high photosynthetic efficiency of sugarcane variety improvement.The results showed that，the photosynthetic characteristics differences of the 4 parameters Fv/Fm * ETR factor/2，alpha ETRm maximum light use efficiency，electron transfer efficiency，Ik minimum saturation intensity differences were significant. Using cluster analysis method，α photosynthetic light use efficiency as the index，the 59 materials were divided into 4 categories，namely class Ⅰ high photosynthetic efficiency，class Ⅱ in high photosynthetic efficiency and photosynthetic efficiency in class Ⅲ and Ⅳ low photosynthetic efficiency. Four high efficiency germplasm materials were selected，including Yunnan 75- I -10，Yunnan 82-61，No. 8 of Fujian dengke，and Sichuan 88-34，which could be used on the original innovation in sugarcane.