Abstract: The comparative analysis on production costs of tilapia monoculture，polyculture and integrated culture was conducted in the main producing areas during 2011-2015. The results show that feed，labor and rent cost are the main production expenditure items among the three culture categories，and monoculture has the highest，while integrated culture has the lowest. Through the comparative analysis，we put forward some suggestions of developing the healthy ecological farming，increasing safety testing efforts and constructing product traceability system to improve the quality of tilapia products，developing e-commerce to expand the market of tilapia products at home and abroad， and promoting international certification to enhance the international competitiveness of products.