Abstract: Since the reform and opening up of Guangdong province，industrialization and urbanization has developed rapidly，and it is in the forefront of the whole country. Under this background，it is inevitable to affect the rural environment. This paper started from the overall evaluation of the impact of industrialization and urbanization on the rural environment in Guangdong province，analyzed the reasons of rural environmental pollution by survey research methods，found that the main reasons were as follows：because of the economic interests，the local government’s restriction on "three high" business was not enough ；the rural environmental protection work failed to keep pace with the development of industrialization and urbanization；underdeveloped areas still kept putting economic benefits ahead of environmental protection ；the integration of urban and rural environmental protection system was not established；policies and regulations system was not perfect，the implementation was not in place；awareness of ecological environmental protection was weak. Through the above analysis，the main principles and countermeasures of rural environmental governance in Guangdong province were explored.