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    养分用量和覆土处理对机插水稻秧苗素质的影响

    Effects of Fertilizer Application Rate and Soil Covering on the Quality of Mechanically Transplanted Rice Seedlings

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 探究覆土处理与氮磷钾养分运筹对机插水稻秧苗质量的影响，为机插水稻标准化育秧技术提供理论依据。
      方法 对育秧秧土分别设置7种养分用量（CK：不施任何养分；N1：氮肥1.39 g/盘，N2：氮肥2.78 g/盘；P1：磷肥0.26 g/盘，P2：磷肥0.51 g/盘；K1：钾肥1.01 g/盘，K2：钾肥2.03 g/盘）进行播种，播种后分别进行覆土（CS）与不覆土（NCS）2个处理，播种后测定秧龄20 d时的成苗率、形态及其生理指标。
      结果 相较于不覆土处理，覆土处理成苗率平均提升4.01%，株高、叶龄和干物质积累量分别增加8.80%、7.06%和7.30%；叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量分别提高8.40%、8.45%和11.30%。养分运筹也影响秧苗质量，其中，N1地上部、地下干物质积累较N2分别提高59.70%和169.05%；K1地上部、地下部干物质积累较K2分别提高1.25%和42.70%。N2处理则对干物质积累呈抑制作用。覆土与养分互作时，覆土处理下P2成苗率显著提高24.10%，N2叶龄显著提高25.23%，K1株高和茎基宽分别显著提高7.20%和13.50%。
      结论 覆土可提高秧苗成苗率、叶龄、株高和茎基宽。氮磷钾养分运筹对秧苗素质效应差异明显，N1、K1处理有利于干物质积累，N2、P2和K2处理促进叶绿素积累。覆土与养分存在互作效应，其中覆土处理下P2、N2、K1分别在成苗率、叶龄和株高等方面相比不覆土处理差异显著；覆土与氮、磷互作在干物质积累上达显著水平。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To clarify the effects of soil covering and nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium (K) nutrient regimes on the seedling quality of mechanically transplanted rice, and to provide a theoretical basis for standardized seedling raising for mechanical transplanting.
      Method Two treatments were established: soil covering (CS) and no soil covering (NCS), combined with different fertilizer application levels (N1: 1.39 g/tray, N2: 2.78 g/tray; P1: 0.26 g/tray, P2: 0.51 g/tray; K1: 1.01 g/tray, K2: 2.03 g/tray). Morphological and physiological traits of seedlings at the optimal stage for mechanical transplantation were systematically analyzed.
      Result Compared with NCS, CS increased the seedling emergence rate by 4.01%, and increased plant height, leaf age and dry matter accumulation by 8.80%, 7.06% and 7.30%, respectively. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents increased by 8.40%, 8.45% and 11.30%, respectively. Nutrient regimes also affected seedling quality. Above ground and below ground dry matter under N1 were 59.70% and 169.05% higher, respectively, than under N2, while those under K1 were 1.25% and 42.70% higher than under K2. In contrast, N2 suppressed dry matter accumulation. Under the interaction of soil covering and nutrient regimes, P2 significantly increased seedling emergence rate by 24.10%, N2 significantly increased leaf age by 25.23%, and K1 significantly increased plant height and stem base width by 7.20% and 13.50%, respectively.
      Conclusion Soil covering improves seedling emergence rate, leaf age, plant height and stem base width. The effects of N, P and K nutrient regimes on seedling quality differ markedly: N1 and K1 favor dry matter accumulation, whereas N2, P2 and K2 promote chlorophyll accumulation. Soil covering and nutrient regimes exhibit interaction effects. Under soil covering, P2, N2 and K1 show significantly better performance in seedling emergence rate, leaf age and plant height, respectively, than under no soil covering. The interactions between soil covering and N and P have significant positive effects on dry matter accumulation.

       

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