Abstract: Rice is an important food crop in China, and its quality and safety are closely related to national food securityand public health. In recent years, the problem of cadmium exceeding the standard in rice has become increasingly prominent, which has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of rice and threatening public health. Therefore, indepth exploration of the molecular mechanism of low cadmium absorption in rice and environmental regulation strategies, aswell as the cultivation of low cadmium rice varieties, has become a major research direction in the agricultural field. This articlesystematically reviews the key environmental factors affecting cadmium absorption and accumulation in rice, clearly pointingout that temperature, water, and nutrient element are the core regulatory factors. At the genetic mechanism level, this articlefocuses on the quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling low cadmium accumulation in rice and the related genes affecting lowcadmium rice. Currently, the genes that are widely used include OsNRAMP5, OsHMA3, OsLCT1, OsIRT1, OsHMA2, etc.These genes are systematically classified into three core gene families: transport and compartmentalization, regulation andresponse, and detoxification and chelation. A schematic diagram of the role of these low cadmium genes in organelles such asthe cytoplasm and vacuole is drawn, visually presenting the complete molecular pathway of "absorption - transport - chelation- compartmentalization", providing a reference for the mining of low cadmium genes. This article also summarizes the progressof low cadmium rice screening in various provinces, and takes Guangdong Province as an example to detail its "introduction +localization" strategy for low cadmium variety cultivation, that is successfully introducing the nationally approved low cadmiumvariety 'Xizi 3', while vigorously promoting and demonstrating local excellent varieties such as 'Yuehe Simiao', 'Guanghong3', and 'Taifeng You 208', gradually establishing a scientific and reasonable low cadmium rice variety system. In addition, thisarticle systematically reviews the main breeding techniques for existing low cadmium rice, covering traditional conventionalbreeding, molecular marker-assisted selection, and gene editing and other cutting-edge methods, which can provide a referencefor the subsequent mining of low cadmium genes and the cultivation of new low cadmium accumulation germplasm and varieties.