Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as one of the major food crops in China, holds significant strategic importance in ensuring national food security. However, factors such as climate change, shrinking arable land resources, water scarcity, and biological stresses have greatly increased the difficulty for breeders to develop high-yield, stable-yield and wide adaptability varieties under harsh environmental conditions and poses severe challenges to conventional breeding models. Traditional cross-breeding methods typically require 6 to 10 generations to achieve homozygous genotype, which is not only time-consuming but also cumbersome and inefficient, failing to meet the current demands for rapid breeding in agricultural production. In contrast, haploid breeding technology, as an emerging modern biotechnological breeding approach, compresses the lengthy process of genotype homogenization in traditional breeding into just 1-2 generations through three core steps: haploid induction, haploid identification, and chromosome doubling. This achieves a qualitative leap in breeding efficiency. As a result, it demonstrates broad application prospects and great potential for dissemination in rice genetic improvement and variety development, particularly suitable for pyramiding multiple stress-resistance genes, optimizing quality traits, and achieving precision breeding objectives. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical foundation and operational procedures of haploid breeding technology, with the focus on induction pathways, existing technical bottlenecks, recent innovations, and practical breeding applications in rice. It also provides an outlook on future development directions, aiming to offer comprehensive technical reference for rice researchers and breeders and to promote the modernization of China's rice breeding technology system.